Education

Bachelor's degree

Physics, December 1969, Physics Institute of the University of Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Master's degree

Materials Science, December 1974, Army Engineering Institute (IME), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Ph.D.

Materials Engineering, August 1981, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften der Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.